<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>journal-jmsr</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Journal of Medical and Surgical Research</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN>I</PISSN>
      <EISSN>S</EISSN>
      <Volume-Issue>Vol. XIII, n 1</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>June 2026</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>-0001</Year>
        <Month>11</Month>
        <Day>30</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Research Article</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Foot Health Assessment in Pediatric and Adolescent Population with Disabilities in Morocco: A Cross-sectional Study</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>0</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>0</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Marta</FirstName>
          <LastName>Grela-Fariña</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Cristina</FirstName>
          <LastName>González-Martin</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Sonia</FirstName>
          <LastName>Pertega-Diaz</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Rocio</FirstName>
          <LastName>Seijo-Bestilleiro</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Vanesa</FirstName>
          <LastName>Balboa-Barreiro</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>MT Garcia-Rodriguez</FirstName>
          <LastName/>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI/>
      <Abstract>Purpose: Determine the prevalence of podiatric pathology in pediatric and adolescent populations with disabilities in Morocco and its impact on their quality of life, considering age and sex. Matherial and Methods: Observational prevalence study was conducted at the __ampersandsignldquo;Complexe Regionale des Personnes en Situation d__ampersandsignacute;Handicap__ampersandsignrdquo; in Azrou, Morocco, included 102 pediatric and adolescent populations with functional diversity. Podiatric conditions examined were first radius alterations(hallux valgus, limitus, rigidus, extensus, flexus), finger deformities(claw, mallet, hammer toes), rearfoot alterations (Sever__ampersandsign#39;s disease, Haglund deformity, Achilles tendon retraction), foot position (Foot Posture Index), structural alterations(equine, talus, clubfoot), plantar footprint, and quality of life(Foot Health Status Questionnaire).   Results: The mean age was 8.5 years (40.2% females), with neurological disease being the most common(53.1%). Flatfoot was most prevalent among children aged 1 to 4 years(75%). Hallux valgus(18.4%) and claw toes(15.8%) were more common in the 10-19 years age group. Quality of life scores were favorable in pain, functionality, and footwear domains, but lower in general foot health, with no statistically significant differences by age or sex. Conclusion: Flatfoot is frequent in younger children, whereas hallux valgus predominates in older adolescents and females. General foot health decreases in older adolescents and males.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Foot disorders, pediatric podiatry, functional disability, quality of life, Foot Health Status Questionnaire, Foot Posture Index, Morocco</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://www.journal-jmsr.net/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=16375&amp;title=Foot Health Assessment in Pediatric and Adolescent Population with Disabilities in Morocco: A Cross-sectional Study</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>Garrow AP, Silman AJ, Macfarlane GJ. The Cheshire Foot Pain and Disability Survey: a population survey assessing prevalence and associations. Pain. 2004 Jul;110(1-2):378-84. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2004.04.019..&#13;
	Farndon L, Barnes A, Littlewood K, Harle J, Beecroft C, Burnside J, Wheeler T, Morris S, Walters SJ. Clinical audit of core podiatry treatment in the NHS. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009 Mar 13;2:7. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-2-7. PMID: 19284645.  &#13;
	Nix S, Smith M, Vicenzino B. Prevalence of hallux valgus in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Foot Ankle Res. 2010 Sep 27;3:21. doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-3-21. &#13;
	Gupta AK, Daigle D, Foley KA. The prevalence of culture-confirmed toenail onychomycosis in at-risk patient populations. J Eur  Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Jun; 29(6):1039-44. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12873. Epub 2014 Nov 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 25413984.&#13;
	de Berker D. Childhood nail diseases. Dermatol Clin. 2006 Jul;24(3):355-63. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2006.03.003. PMID: 16798433.&#13;
	VanderHave KL, Hensinger RN, King BW. Flexible cavovarus foot in pediatric and adolescent populations. Foot Ankle Clin. 2013 Dec;18(4):715-26. doi: 10.1016/j.fcl.2013.08.006. Epub 2013 Oct 5. Review. PubMed PMID: 24215835.  &#13;
	Sankar WN, Weiss J, Skaggs DL. Orthopaedic conditions in the newborn. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2009 Feb;17(2):112-22. doi: 10.5435/00124635-200902000-00007. PMID: 19202124.&#13;
	Spahn G, Schiele R, Hell AK, Klinger HM, Jung R, Langlotz A. Die Prand;auml;valenz von Beschwerden und Deformierungen des Fusses bei Adoleszenten -- Ergebnisse einer Querschnittuntersuchung [The prevalence of pain and deformities in the feet of adolescents. Results of a cross-sectional study]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 2004 Jul-Aug;142(4):389-96. German. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-822844. PMID: 15346298.&#13;
	Meara JG, Leather AJM, Hagander L, Alkire BC, Alonso N, Ameh EA, Bickler SW , and;#8729;Conteh L, Dare AJ , Mand;eacute;risier ED , El-Halabi S, Farmer PE, Gawande A, Gillies Rowan, Greenberg S, Grimes C E , Gruen Russell L , Ismail EA ,  Kamara TB et al. Global Surgery 2030: Evidence and solutions for  achieving health, welfare, and economic development. Vol. 386, The Lancet. Lancet Publishing Group; 2015;386(9993):569-624.&#13;
	Aiyer A, Hennrikus W. Foot pain in the child and adolescent. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2014 Dec; 61(6):1185-205. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2014.08.005. Epub 2014 Sep 12. Review. PubMed PMID: 25439019.&#13;
	Rezel-Potts E., Bowen C., Dunn KM,Jones CI. , Gulliford MC ,Morrison SC. . Foot and ankle problems in children and young people: a population-based cohort study. Eur J Pediatr 183, 3299and;ndash;3307 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-024-05590-8&#13;
	Halim I, El Kadioui F, Soussi Abdallaoui M. Les onychomycoses and;agrave; Casablanca (Maroc) [Onychomycosis in Casablanca (Morocco)]. J Mycol Med. 2013 Mar;23(1):9-14. French. doi: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.10.002. Epub 2012 Dec 31. PMID: 23287730.&#13;
	Martand;iacute;nez-Leal R, Salvador-Carulla L, Gutiand;eacute;rrez-Colosand;iacute;a MR, Nadal M, Novell-Alsina R, Martorell A, Aguilera-Inand;eacute;s F. Health among persons with intellectual disability in Spain: The European POMONA-II study. Rev Neurol. 2011;53(7):406-14  &#13;
	Jimand;eacute;nez Buand;ntilde;uales M.and;ordf; Teresa, Gonzand;aacute;lez Diego Paulino, Martand;iacute;n Moreno Josand;eacute; M.and;ordf;. La clasificaciand;oacute;n internacional del funcionamiento  de la discapacidad y de la salud (CIF) 2001. Rev. Esp. Salud Publica [Internet]. 2002 Ago [citado 2019 Jun 16] ; 76( 4 ): 271- 279.&#13;
	Dananberg HJ. Gait style as an etiology to chronic postural pain. Part I. Functional hallux limitus. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1993 Aug;83(8):433-41. doi: 10.7547/87507315-83-8-433. PMID: 8366431.&#13;
	Redmond AC, Crane YZ, Menz HB. Normative values for the Foot Posture Index. J Foot Ankle Res. 2008; 1(1):6. Published 2008 Jul  31. Doi: 10.1186/1757-1146-1-6.&#13;
	Riskowski JL, Hagedorn TJ, Hannan MT. Measures of foot function, foot health, and foot pain: American Academy of Orthopedic  Surgeons Lower Limb Outcomes Assessment: Foot and Ankle Module (AAOS-FAM), Bristol Foot Score (BFS), Revised Foot Function  Index (FFI-R), Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), Manchester Foot Pain and Disability Index (MFPDI), Podiatric Health Ques- tionnaire (PHQ), and Rowan Foot Pain Assessment (ROFPAQ). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011; 63 Suppl 11(0 11):S229and;ndash;S239.  doi:10.1002/acr.20554.&#13;
	Echarri J.J., Forriol F., Desarrollo de la morfologand;iacute;a de la huella plantar en niand;ntilde;os congoleand;ntilde;os y su relaciand;oacute;n con el uso de calzado.  Revista Espaand;ntilde;ola de Cirugand;iacute;a Ortopand;eacute;dica y Traumatologand;iacute;a, Volume 47, Issue 6,2003, Pages 395-399,ISSN 1888-4415.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1888-4415(03)76143-8.  &#13;
	Viladot A. Patologand;iacute;a del antepiand;eacute;. Barcelona. Springer. 2001. Available from: https://books.google.com&#13;
	Pand;eacute;rez-Pico AM; Castaand;ntilde;o-Justo B, Mayordomo-Acevedo R. Digital formula is conditioned by deformities and footwear character- istics in older people. A comparison between general population and population with psychiatric disorders. Eur J Anat, 22 (1): 51-58 (2018).&#13;
	Ferrari J, Malone-Lee J. A radiographic study of the relationship between metatarsus adductus and hallux valgus. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2003 Jan-Feb;42(1):9-14. doi: 10.1053/jfas.2003.50006. PMID: 12567361.&#13;
	Moya S. Malformaciones congand;eacute;nitas del pie y pie plano. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2000;71(3):243-245. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062000000300011&#13;
	Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004. Available from: Google Books&#13;
	Hell AK, Dand;ouml;derlein L, Eberhardt O, Hand;ouml;sl M, von Kalle T, Mecher F, Simon A, Stinus H, Wilken B, Wirth T. S2-Leitlinie: der kindliche Knick-Senk-Fuand;szlig; [S2-Guideline: Pediatric Flat Foot]. Z Orthop Unfall. 2018 Jun;156(3):306-315. German. doi: 10.1055/s-0044- 101066. Epub 2018 Apr 9. PMID: 29631308.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>